点击下载 《Targeting JNCIA (Study Guide for Exam JN0-201) 》
目录
Contents
TARGETING JNCIA ............................................................. 3
OVERVIEW........................................................................................ 3
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 3
Objective ...................................................................................... 4
Using this Book............................................................................ 5
BASICS .................................................................................. 9
THE INTERNET .................................................................................. 9
IP ADDRESSING .............................................................................. 10
IP SUBNETTING .............................................................................. 12
KEY POINTS.................................................................................... 16
RFC................................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER 2: HARDWARE............................................ 19
OVERVIEW...................................................................................... 19
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 19
M-SERIES ROUTING ENGINE (RE)................................................... 20
M-SERIES PACKET-FORWARDING ENGINE (PFE)............................ 21
M-series PICs & FPCs........................................................ 21
M-series PFE ASICs..................................................................... 22
M160 OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 24
M160 Chassis .............................................................................. 24
M160 Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC) ........................................ 25
M160 Switching & Forwarding Modules (SFMs)............................ 26
M160 Packet Flow ....................................................................... 27
The following steps walk through packet on a M160 router:............ 27
Physical Interface Cards (PICs) .................................................... 28
M160 PFE Clock Generators (PCGs)............................................ 28
M160 Host Module....................................................................... 29
M160 Miscellaneous Control Subsystem (MCS) ............................. 29
M40e Overview...................................................................... 29
M40 OVERVIEW ............................................................................. 29
M40 Backplane ............................................................................ 31
M40 System Control Board (SCB) ................................................. 31
M40 Packet Flow ......................................................................... 32
M20 OVERVIEW ............................................................................. 33
M20 Packet Forwarding Engine.................................................... 34
FPCs ........................................................................................... 34
M-5/M-10 OVERVIEW .................................................................... 34
M5/M10 PFE ............................................................................... 35
KEY POINTS .................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 3: JUNOS..........................................................43
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 43
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 43
BOOT PROCESS ............................................................................... 44
PROCESSES (DAEMONS) .................................................................. 44
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI) ................................................. 45
Operational Mode ........................................................................ 48
Configuration Mode ..................................................................... 50
Candidate Configuration and Commit............................................ 57
Loading files ................................................................................ 58
Rollback ...................................................................................... 59
TRACEOPTIONS ............................................................................... 60
INTRODUCTION TO ROUTING........................................................... 60
STATIC VS DYNAMIC ROUTES......................................................... 62
Configuring Static Routes ............................................................. 63
INTERFACE AND ROUTING-OPTIONS CONFIGURATION.................... 64
Interface Configuration................................................................. 64
Configuring Routing-Options ........................................................ 68
KEY POINTS .................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 4: RIP ................................................................73
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 73
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 73
PROTOCOL FUNDAMENTALS ........................................................... 74
VERSION 1 VS. VERSION 2 .............................................................. 74
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RIP HOSTS ......................................... 75
RIP PACKETS.................................................................................. 78
CONTROLLING ROUTING UPDATES .................................................. 79
CONFIGURATION............................................................................. 81
Send Compatibility Parameter Configured via ‘send X’........... 82
Receive Compatibility Parameter Configured via ‘receive Y’ .. 82
POLICY IN RIP ................................................................................ 83
MONITORING RIP IN JUNOS.......................................................... 84
KEY POINTS.................................................................................... 86
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION............................................................ 86
CHAPTER 5: OSPF............................................................. 89
OVERVIEW...................................................................................... 89
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 89
ADJACENCIES ................................................................................. 91
Hello Protocol ............................................................................. 91
Network Types ........................................................................... 93
Multi-Access Networks and Designated Router Elections................ 96
AREA AND ROUTER TYPES ............................................................. 96
Area 0......................................................................................... 97
Site Areas ................................................................................... 97
Communicating between Areas ................................................. 98
Types of Areas.......................................................................... 100
Virtual Links ............................................................................ 100
LINK-STATE ADVERTISEMENTS (LSAS)........................................ 101
OSPF CONFIGURATION WITHIN JUNOS....................................... 102
Metric....................................................................................... 104
Authentication.......................................................................... 104
Configuring OSPF Timers....................................................... 105
POLICY IN OSPF........................................................................... 106
MONITORING OSPF IN JUNOS .................................................... 106
KEY POINTS.................................................................................. 110
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (RFCS) ............................................. 111
CHAPTER 6: IS-IS............................................................ 115
OVERVIEW.................................................................................... 115
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 115
IS-IS LOGICAL CONFIGURATION .................................................. 115
ISO NETWORK ADDRESSING........................................................ 119
IS-IS PACKETS ............................................................................. 121
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN IS-IS DEVICES.................................. 123
IS-IS CONFIGURATION ................................................................. 123
Mesh Groups............................................................................ 126
IS-IS Traffic Engineering......................................................... 126
MONITORING IS-IS IN JUNOS...................................................... 127
KEY POINTS .................................................................................. 130
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (RFCS) ............................................. 130
CHAPTER 7: BGP.............................................................135
OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 135
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 135
VERSIONS ..................................................................................... 136
EXTERNAL BGP VS. INTERNAL BGP............................................ 136
BGP BASIC RULES AND TERMS .................................................... 136
MESSAGE TYPES............................................................................ 137
Open message:......................................................................... 137
Update messages: .................................................................... 138
Notification messages: ............................................................. 138
Keepalive messages: ................................................................ 138
BGP ROUTE SELECTION................................................................ 139
ROUTE DAMPING .......................................................................... 141
BGP FINITE-STATE MACHINE ...................................................... 141
BGP SESSION STATES ................................................................... 141
ROUTE REFLECTION ...................................................................... 146
Confederations......................................................................... 147
BGP CONFIGURATION WITHIN JUNOS ........................................ 148
MONITORING BGP WITHIN JUNOS.............................................. 151
KEY POINTS AND SUMMARY......................................................... 157
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (RFCS) ............................................. 157
CHAPTER 8: MPLS..........................................................161
OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 161
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 161
MPLS LABEL SWITCHED PATHS (LSPS) ...................................... 162
MPLS HEADER AND FIELD DESCRIPTION..................................... 163
LABEL OPERATIONS...................................................................... 165
LABEL DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL (LDP) ...................................... 166
RESOURCE RESERVATION PROTOCOL (RSVP).............................. 168
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING DATABASE (TED).................................... 170
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) ................................. 171
MPLS CONFIGURATION IN JUNOS.............................................. 171
MONITORING MPLS IN JUNOS ................................................... 172
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.......................................................... 176
CHAPTER 9: MULTICAST................................................. 179
OVERVIEW.................................................................................... 179
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 179
MULTICAST ADDRESSING.............................................................. 181
IGMP ........................................................................................... 181
IGMP Version 1....................................................................... 181
IGMP Version 2....................................................................... 182
DVMRP....................................................................................... 184
REVERSE PATH FORWARDING (RPF)............................................ 184
SOURCE AND GROUP (S, G) .......................................................... 186
Sparse-mode vs. Dense-mode .................................................. 186
PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT MULTICAST (PIM)............................... 187
PIM Neighbor Discovery......................................................... 187
PIM Hello Messages................................................................ 188
PIM Designated Router ........................................................... 188
PIM SPARSE MODE ...................................................................... 188
Rendezvous Point (RP) ............................................................ 188
Rendezvous-point Path Tree (RPT) ......................................... 189
Explicit Join Model.................................................................. 190
PIM-SM Shared Trees ............................................................. 190
Shared Tree Joins .................................................................... 190
Source Path Tree (SPT) ........................................................... 191
PIM JOIN/PRUNE MESSAGES........................................................ 192
PIM-SM Designated Router .................................................... 192
MULTIPROTOCOL BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL (MBGP) ......... 193
MULTICAST SESSION DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (MSDP)................. 193
KEY POINTS.................................................................................. 194
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.......................................................... 194
CHAPTER 10: POLICY...................................................... 197
OVERVIEW.................................................................................... 197
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 197
POLICY DEFINITION ...................................................................... 197
Prefix Lists and Route Filters .................................................. 199
Policy Lists............................................................................... 201
POLICY EVALUATION.................................................................... 201
APPLICATION OF POLICY TO ROUTING PROTOCOLS ...................... 205
TESTING POLICY ........................................................................... 205
FIREWALL ..................................................................................... 207
POLICING ...................................................................................... 209
POLICY CONFIGURATION WITHIN JUNOS..................................... 209
KEY POINTS .................................................................................. 212
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE QUIZ ............................................213
CHAPTER 1 BASICS ....................................................................... 213
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE................................................................ 213
CHAPTER 3 JUNOS: ..................................................................... 215
CHAPTER 4 RIP............................................................................. 217
CHAPTER 5 OSPF ......................................................................... 219
CHAPTER 6 IS-IS .......................................................................... 221
CHAPTER 7 BGP........................................................................... 223
CHAPTER 8 MPLS ........................................................................ 226
CHAPTER 9 MULTICAST................................................................ 229
CHAPTER 10 POLICY..................................................................... 232
APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION......................235
Possible ‘show’ command completions in JUNOS 5.0:........... 235
Possible ‘[edit] show’ configuration completions in JUNOS 5.0:
.................................................................................................. 236
Media types as abbreviated in interface names:...................... 236
Family types allowed on interfaces: ........................................ 237
APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...............................239
APPENDIX D: QUIZ ANSWERS..........................................249
CHAPTER 1: BASICS ...................................................................... 249
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE................................................................ 250
CHAPTER 3 JUNOS ...................................................................... 251
CHAPTER 4 RIP............................................................................. 252
CHAPTER 5 OSPF ......................................................................... 254
CHAPTER 6 IS-IS .......................................................................... 256
CHAPTER 7 BGP........................................................................... 257
CHAPTER 8 MPLS ........................................................................ 259
CHAPTER 9 MULTICAST................................................................ 262
CHAPTER 10 POLICY..................................................................... 263
INDEX................................................................................265
Figures
Table 1.1 OSI Model ..................................................................................... 9
Table 1.2 Binary Bit Combinations............................................................. 10
Table 1.3 Binary Values .............................................................................. 11
Table 1.4 Address Classes ........................................................................... 12
Table 1.5 CIDR Blocks ............................................................................... 15
Figure 2.1: Flow and maintenance of the Routing and Forwarding Tables 20
Figure 2.2 M160 & M40e packet flow (logical ASIC view)....................... 23
Figure 2.3 M5, M10, M20, and M40 packet flow (logical ASIC view)...... 23
Figure 2.4 M160 Chassis View (Front and Rear)........................................ 25
Figure 2.5 M160 Packet Flow (ASIC placement view) .............................. 28
Figure 2.6 M40 Chassis View (Front and Rear).......................................... 31
Figure 2.7 M40 packet flow (ASIC placement view).................................. 32
Figure 2.8 M20 Chassis View (Front and Rear).......................................... 33
Figure 3.1 EMACS Editor Keys.................................................................. 46
Table 3.2 Basic Configuration Statements .................................................. 52
Figure 3.3 ‘Show Configuration Protocols’ Sample.................................... 53
Table 3.4 Route Preference ......................................................................... 62
Figure 4.1 RIP Route Update ...................................................................... 75
Figure 4.2 RIP Route Propagation............................................................... 76
Figure 4.3 RIP Split Horizon....................................................................... 77
Figure 4.4 RIP Poison Reverse.................................................................... 78
Figure 4.5 Route Removal........................................................................... 81
Table 4.6 RIP Send and Receive Parameters............................................... 82
Figure 5.1 OSPF Matrix and Metrics .......................................................... 91
Figure 5.2 Point to Point Network............................................................... 93
Figure 5.3 Broadcast Multi-Access Network .............................................. 94
Figure 5.4 Partial Mesh NBMA or P2MP Network .................................... 95
Figure 5.5 Single Area OSPF Map.............................................................. 97
Figure 5.6 Multiple Area OSPF Map .......................................................... 98
Figure 5.7 Multiple ABR OSPF Map.......................................................... 99
Figure 5.8: Virtual Link to Area 0............................................................. 101
Figure 6.1: IS-IS Area Map ....................................................................... 116
Figure 6.2: IS-IS Layer and Area Map ...................................................... 117
Table 6.3 NSAP Address Fields ................................................................ 119
Table 6.4 IS-IS PDU Descriptions ............................................................ 122
Figure 7.1 BGP Multipath ......................................................................... 140
Figure 7.3 Simple BGP Route-Reflection ................................................. 147
Figure 8.1 BGP next-hop forwarding using an LSP.................................. 163
Figure 8.2 LDP neighbor adjacency and sessions ......................................167
Figure 8.3 Label distribution ......................................................................168
Figure 8.4 RSVP primary and secondary paths..........................................169
Figure 8.5 RSVP LSPs with constrained hops ...........................................170
Figure 9.1 Unicast Traffic Flow .................................................................180
Figure 9.2 Multicast Traffic Flow ..............................................................180
Figure 9.3 IGMP Join Behavior .................................................................183
Figure 9.4 IGMP Leave Message...............................................................183
Figure 9.5 RPF Check ................................................................................185
Figure 9.6 Rendezvous Point......................................................................189
Figure 9.7 RP traffic flow behavior............................................................189
Figure 9.8 Shared Tree Join .......................................................................191
Figure 9.9 Source Path Tree .......................................................................191
Figure 10.1 Policy evaluation flow ............................................................202
Figure 10.2 Default protocol policy actions ...............................................203
Figure 10.3 Seeing the results of routing policy.........................................207